tugas softskill bahasa inggris

DIRECT DAN INDIRECT SPEECH

Ada dua cara untuk mengungkapkan apa yang seseorang katakan yaitu: langsung (direct) dan tidak langsung (indirect/reported).
Pada kalimat langsung, kita mengulangi ucapan pembicara (speaker) sama persis. Kalimat langsung biasanya digunakan dalam percakapan di dalam buku, drama, ataupun dalam tanda kurung.
Contoh:
He said, ‘I have lost my umbrella.’
Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.
Contoh:
Mike said, “I will come to your house.”
reporting reported

Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.

PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)

A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)

            Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
            1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
            2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
            3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
            4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
Contoh:
          Direct
            • John (phoning from the station), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
            • Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.”
            Indirect
            • John says that he is trying to get a taxi.
            • Siska says that the sun rises every morning.

http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/direct-dan-indirect-speech/

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech		Indirect speech
Present simple She said, "It's cold."	›	Past simple She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online."	›	Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could She said she could teach English online.
must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should She asked what we should learn today.
may She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might She asked if she might open a new browser.

Contoh Soal
1.    Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
        Raul         : Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
                a. had gone to his country            d. he went to his country
                b. he has gone to his country        e. he goes to his country
                c. he will go to his country
    Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk langsung harus
                             past perfect)

2.    Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
       Jenifer   : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
       Ferdy     : he wanted to know ____
                a. if Mary was absent            d. that Mary had been absent
                b. why Mary was absent            e. why Mary had been absent
                c. why was Mary absent
    Jawaban : E (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk
                                  past perfect)

3.    Mother   : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
       Herman  : Okay, mom.
       Rudy      : What did your mother just told you?
       Herman  : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
                a. I wasn’t so noisy               d. I am very noisy
                b. not to be so noisy             e. to be not so noisy
                c. don’t be noisy
    Jawaban : B (direct: don’t + be maka indirect: not + to be)

4.   Doctor   : Open your mouth!
      Mother  : What did the doctor tell you?
      Son       : The doctor told me ___
                   a. that I open his mouth            d. to open my mouth
                   b. if I opened my mouth            e. opened my mouth
                   c. to open my mouth
        Jawaban : D (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)

5.   Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
      Mother asked me ____
                a. whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken
                b. whether I want meatball or fried chicken
                c. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken
                d. that I want meatball or fried chicken
                e. if I want meatball or fried chicken
    Jawaban: A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether + S + V2)